Figure 1

Changes of chemical compositions and functions after fermentation. HPLC profiles of non-fermented Cynanchi atrati Radix (CAR) and Lactobacillus-fermented CAR (A, B) showing the main peaks disappeared (peak a, c and d) or increased (peak b), changes of their cytotoxicity (C, D) and anti-melanin effects (E, F) are presented.